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"Entwicklung
neoplasticher Zellkulturen unter dem Einfluss
elektromagnetishcer Felder"
Journal : Erfahrungs Heilkunde, Acta Medica Empirica
July 1997 pp. 398-404
Publisher : Haug (Karl F. Haug Verlag, Germany)
Karl F. Haug Verlag (Verlag means Publisher)
http://www.huethig.de/
email : webadmin@huethig.de
The Journal "Erfahrungs Heilkunde" is at :
http://www.huethig.de/
Title
Evolution of neoplasic cells in culture under the
influence of electromagnetic fields
Authors
Jean-Claude Mainguy
Medical doctor, ex-director of Moanda Hospital (Gabon)
Sylvie Crochet
Biologist
Jean-Marie Danze
Chemical science degree, ex-teacher at Liege University
(Institute of
Pharmacy), Biophysics consultant
Abstract
The simultaneous application of pulsed low frequency magnetic
fields and of specific electromagnetic signals emitted from
preparations of malignant tissues lysates and from plants
extracts, both diluted according to a particular method, induces
the almost complete destruction of malignant cells in vitro.
Introduction
Since around 1925, several researchers, some of them Nobel
laureates, estimated that the mechanisms of life are governed by
electromagnetic fields. These fields may have an endogenous or
exogenous origin. This would suggest that living systems
function like transmitting/receiving radio devices. The
endogenous fields are seen by these researchers as a « cellular
language » capable of transmitting from organ to organ commands
of functions and specific biochemical reactions. One precursor
was E. Schrödinger. He states in his book « What is life ? »
(1) a series of postulates that help to understand the relations
between physics and biology.
H. Fröhlich, professor at Liverpool University, well known for
his studies of supraconductivity, proposed models that integrate
effects of very low energy electromagnetic radiation in
functional biological processes (2). He showed as physically
plausible the hypothesis that weak but coherent electromagnetic
fields may initiate and sustain vital processes in living
organs. This concept, based on the low energy required in order
to get resonance mechanisms, appears, according to Fröhlich and
his disciple C.W. Smith (professor at Salford University, GB)
(3,4) as one of the new paradigms to be adopted in future years
in order to understand life’s secrets. 1991 Nobel laureates B.
Sakmann and E. Neher demonstrated the selective behavior of
cellular membranes, and confirmed the notion of «cells dialogue
».
I. Prigogine expanded our notions of biological mechanisms when
he showed indirectly, through « dissipative structures », that
these mechanisms obey the rules of open systems in physics.
Prigogine’s views (5), similar to those of F.A. Popp (6,7,8),
enable us to see a direct relation between cellular or organic
functions and information coming from the environment. This
information may be carried by electromagnetic frequencies
included in the whole spectrum, from very low frequencies
(E.L.F.) to radio frequencies, hyper frequencies, infrared and
light frequencies. Any living being may now be considered as a
system that may respond directly to external stimuli transmitted
as electromagnetic radiation at low energy, for instance.
So life might be simultaneously structured, organized (negative
entropy) and destructured, disorganized (positive entropy) by
electromagnetic fields at low energy, depending on the type of
radiation received by the organism or some of his cellular
tissues.
Experiments performed by Adey (9,10) in the USA on healthy blood
cells showed that proteic strings emerging from cell walls may
tap weak electric fields and transmit them to the inside of
cells. W.R. Adey and his collaborators also observed that radio
frequencies influence cells when modulated by frequencies under
100 Hertz.
They showed that signals drowned in the ambient background
electromagnetic noise are selectively perceived by cells when
these frequencies match a particular system of cell resonance.
This lead to think that the electromagnetic resonance model,
similar to the one used in radio communications (coherent
systems), corresponds well to cellular systems.
Adey’s team also demonstrated that the magnetic component of
the fields is the most biologically active.
In the same line of thinking we may quote a paper by P.A.
Anninos, N.Tsagas, R. Sandyk and K. Derpapas, at Demokritas
Reseach Center in Athens, Greece. They show that magnetic fields
may constitute a treatment for partial loss of consciousness
(11). Frequency range is 2 to 7 Hertz.
The orthopedic surgery department at Columbia University, New
York, under the initiative of R.O. Becker and C.A.L. Basett, has
been using for many years pulsed magnetic fields for
consolidating fractures suffering from pseudoarthrose (chronic
non-consolidation). More than 250 000 patients have been
successfully treated with this non-invasive method. Results were
controlled with double-blind studies.
In a recent publication, C.A. Basett notes that preliminary data
suggest possible rapid advances for the control of malignant
tumors (12) with low intensity pulsed magnetic fields.
These considerations led us to confront the problem in a
slightly different way and attempt to influence tumor cell
cultures using specific electromagnetic fields.
Objectives
The goal of this study is the exploration of the following
concepts :
- Is it possible to destroy in vitro cancerous cells of very
diverse strains, by exposing them to pulsed magnetic fields, to
which one superimposes specific
electromagnetic radiation ?
- If so, in which proportion the cancerous cells are destroyed ?
- What becomes of healthy cells during this experiment ?
- Is there an electromagnetic « cellular language », whose
nature is common to all animal cells ? Does each type of cell
have a specific « language » ? (3,4,13)
The present research aims to explore this specific language and
use it on tumor cell cultures, in order to influence their
metabolism and selectively destroy them.
Equipment and methods
We always treat simultaneously healthy cells and tumor cells
belonging to the same organ, in order to evaluate the effect of
the treatment on each kind of cell.
Five organs have been selected for this study : lung, breast,
liver, colon, kidney.
Tumor cell strains are :
- lung : small cell cancer DMS 53
- breast : chemioresistant mammary cancer ZR 75-1
- liver : adenocarninoma S.K. Hep 1
- colon : adenocarcinoma LOVO (Multi-Drugs Resistant) M.D.R.
- kidney : carcinoma A. 498
All strains are from human origin and come from ATCC Bethesda,
M.D., USA.
The place where the experiment is done has fundamental
importance.
In the light of preliminary tests, it appeared that the 50 Hertz
electric and magnetic fields generated by electrical apparatus
and by electrical wiring have a negative influence on the
experimentation’s reproducibility. We measured ambient fields
(14) and selected in the laboratory an electromagnetically
silent place.
Our criteria for background noise (extremely low frequency : 50
Hertz) :
- electric field : less than 0,7 Volt per meter (resolution :
0,1 V/m)
- magnetic field : 0 mG (sensitivity limitation of the measuring
device : 0,1 mG)
Measures of ambient electric and magnetic fields (50 Hz) were
made with a calibrated device EFM 130 (Electric Fields
Measurements W. Stockbridge, MA 01266, USA).
All cells are cultured on 6-pits plates (Falcon), 48 hours
before actual experimentation, in order to obtain confluent
cells in single layer.
Cells are cultured without any antibiotic.
Each strain is cultured simultaneously 4 times in identical
pits, in order to obtain a greater uniformity of cultures and
better reliability in results’ interpretation. 2 pits are used
for counting and 2 for observation.
Cell counting is done by a Counter Coulter apparatus.
Microscope is made by Leitz.
Magnifications are :
- weak magnification : x 10
- strong magnification : x 20
- global magnification : x 10 x 0.32
Treatment applies simultaneously
1 / pulsed magnetic fields
2 / specific radiation
Magnetic fields have the following characteristics :
- pulsed fields whose impulsion trains follow a fixed cadence.
These pulses have peak width of 1 microsecond and are
unipolar.
- induction field produced at a distance of 10 cm of the
inductive device is between 0,4 and 0,6 milligauss (0,04 to 0,06
microtesla)
Specific radiation is picked up from diluted preparations of
tumoral tissues extracts and vegetal extracts lysates, through a
system of metal electrodes and container. It is amplified by a
large-band amplifier with minimal distortion of frequencies et
very slow phase shifting while functioning. The amplifier is
capable or amplifying all frequencies while maintaining constant
peak width. (A MORA device satisfying these criteria was used in
mode A).
The amplifier runs on a battery, in order to avoid perturbing
fields generated by the 50 Hz grid. Cables between input and
output electrodes are screened.
As soon as the device is on, the amplifier picks up and
amplifies signals coming from the input, thus including specific
frequencies of tumor lysate dilutions and vegetal extracts
dilutions placed in the electrode. These frequencies are
transferred to the output with alternately 3 seconds
amplification and 6 seconds pause.
Frequency band is 1 Hz to 150 kHz.
Signals transmitted to the cell culture are :
- those of the device itself (its own radiation and
electromagnetic background noise)
- those of frequencies picked up and amplified through the
amplifier device, coming from diluted preparations of tumor
tissue lysates (belonging to the same strain as the target
cells), to which we add combinations of vegetal extracts.
It is obvious that the signals emitted by the materials in the
input electrodes are drowned in the background noise of the
amplifier and ambient fields. It is impossible to distinguish
them but, following W.R. Adey’s work quoted in the
introduction, we think it is rational to postulate that cell
cultures are able to distinguish them, through resonance. Our
experiment will enable us to confirm it, on the basis of actual
effects.
Duration of treatment is 60 minutes per session.
For the study presented here, we repeated the treatment for 5
days, one session per day.
Microscope examination of target cells is done after 120 hours.
We insist on the following facts :
- Absolutely no ionizing radiation was applied
- No chemical substance was applied before or during
experimentation.
Results
Healthy cells were not altered by the various fields applied
during this study.
Observed on strong magnification microscope, each cell kept its
original
morphology.
The only notable modification was a light stimulation of growth,
about 10 %, as shown is fig. 2, left side graphic, for kidney
cells, and fig. 3, left side graphic, for lung cells.
Only malignant tumor cells were destroyed. Percentage of
diminution of their number after 48 hours is between 70 and 90
%. Destruction is selective.
This destruction of tumor cells reinforced itself spontaneously
in the course of time, as revealed by examination after 120
hours (fig. 4)
Examination of tumor cells with strong magnification showed
after 120 hours a very clear vacuolization of the cytoplasma,
and a densification of the cell walls, indicating imminent
death.
Study on glioblastoma
In this research, another study was done on a brain tumor with
very high malignity, the glioblastoma.
Here again we used tumor cells of human origin : glioblastoma
U251. As we did not possess healthy human brain tissue, we used
healthy astrocytes from ferrets. Both strains, malignant and
healthy, were simultaneously submitted to the same protocol as
the one previously used on the 5 tumor strains (lung, breast,
liver, colon, kidney).
The only difference was the introduction of specific
glioblastoma information, from dilution of lysates of these
tumor cells.
Results of the study on glioblastoma.
Healthy cells were not modified in a significant way during the
6 days of experimentation, in quality or quantity. 10 %
variations were non significant, because of the small value of
this number and because fluctuations went in both directions
from day to day.
Destruction of tumor cells was between 80 % and 100 %.
During these 6 days we never saw any sign of resumption, even
minimal, of neoplasic cell proliferation.
Discussion
Only the simultaneous exposure of tumor cells to the specific
amplified radiation and to the pulsed magnetic fields allowed us
to observe the high level destruction of tumor cells. Separate
use of each field produced mediocre results.
The second originality of this study lies in the use, as signal
emitters, of preparations made of tumor tissue lysates et
vegetal extracts. These were diluted by successive gradients,
which seems to confer them a particular spectrum of
electromagnetic emissions. Undiluted lysates and extracts did
not manifest the destroying action.
As the amplifier, because of his conception and construction, is
only able to pick up and amplify signals between 1 Hz and 150
kHz, it is obvious that this frequency band is involved in the
observed results.
It is necessary to refine the study of different parameters, in
order to explain the variations of percentages of destroyed
cells in spite of a rigorously identical protocol.
The hour of treatment application during the day is a non
negligible factor. Most of the observed phenomena on cell
cultures indicate a chronobiological parameter with a
nycthemeral rhythm.
We cannot either exclude the hypothesis that the electronic
devices we used may have fluctuating efficacy according to the
length of use (warming, shift and lowering of the peaks, etc).
In the process of diminution or complete disappearance of tumor
cells, the proportion caused by direct cytotoxic effect and the
proportion caused by the inhibition of cellular reproduction
have not been yet evaluated.
In the hypothesis of destruction by direct cytotoxicity, each
parameter should be reexamined in order to be able to regulate
de process of cellular lysis, keeping in mind that too rapid a
lysis may liberate a great quantity of toxins detrimental to the
organism.
Conclusion
This study, despite its imperfection, demonstrates in an
irrefutable way that it is possible to destroy almost totally in
vitro cancerous human cells by appropriate electromagnetic
signals.
The diversity of strains, requiring each time particular
signals, indicates that the effect comes an electromagnetic «
language », as evoked by H. Frohlich (2).
Healthy cells keep their perfect integrity.
It seems to us it is now legitimate to think that a new way is
opening for cancer research.
We do not exclude the thought that this methodology might apply
to other fields of therapeutic research.
Notes
(1) Schrödinger E. « What is life ? » ED. Cambridge
University Press, 1967
(2) Fröhlich H. « Biological coherence and response to
external stimuli »
Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1988
(3) Smith C.W. « Electromagnetic and magnetic vector ;
potential
bio-information and water » in « Ultra high dilutions, pp.
187-201, Kluwer
Academic Publ., Amsterdam, 1994
(4) Smith C.W. « Electromagnetic phenomena in living biomedical
systems »
Proc. 6th Ann. Conf. IEEE Eng. In Med. And Biol. Soc. Pp
176-180, 15-17 sept
1984.
(5) Prigogine I. and Stengers I. « La nouvelle alliance » (Ed
Gallimard,
Paris, 1979)
(6) Popp F.A. « Biologie des Lichts » (P. Parey Verlag,
Berlin, 1984)
(French trad. JM Danze, Ed. Pietteur, Liège, 1989)
(7) Popp F.A., Li K.H. and Gu Q. « Recent advances in biophoton
research and
its applications (Ed World Scientific, 1992)
(8) Bischof M. « Biophotonen in unsere Zellen »
(Zweitausendeins Verlag,
Frankfurt, 1995)
(9) Adey W.R. « Frequency and power windowing in tissue
interactions with
weak electromagnetic fields » (Proc. IEEE, 68 (1) pp 119-125,
1980)
(10) Adey W.R., Bawin F.M., Lawrence A.F. « Effects of weak,
amplitude-modulated fields on calcium efflux from awake cat
cerebral cortex
» (Bioelectromagnetics, 3, pp. 295-308, 1982).
(11) Anninos P.A., Tsagas N., Sandyk R., Derpapas K. « Magnetic
stimulation
in the treatment of partial seizures » (Intern. J.
Neuroscience, vol 60, pp
141-171, 1991).
(12) Basett C.A.L. « Beneficial effects of electromagnetic
fields » (J. of
Cellul Biochemistry, 51, pp 387-393, 1993)
(13) Endler P.C. et al. « A zoological example of ultra high
dilution
research. Energy coupling between the dilution and the organism
in a model
of amphibia » (in « Ultra High Dilution », Kluwer Academ.
Publ., Amsterdam,
pp. 39-48, 1994)
(14) Danze J.M., Le Ruz P., Santini R., Bousquet M., Mercier
J.L. « Pourquoi
et comment mesurer les champs electriques et magnetiques 50/60
Hetz (Ed
Encore, Paris, 1994)
Figures
1. Schematic front view of the system (MORA device and magnetic
device)
2. Kidney cells. Results of simultaneous treatment of healthy
and malignant
cells, after 120 hours
3. Lung cells. Results of simultaneous treatment of healthy and
malignant
cells, after 120 hours
Chart 1 : % of increase or decrease of cells number, treated and
untreated
normal kidney (NRK - 49 F), cancerous kidney (A 498), normal
lung (CCD-37Lu),
cancerous lung (DMS 53)
4. Evolution of tumor cells from different organs, treated and
untreated,
after 120 hours
Chart 2 : % of increase or decrease of cancerous cells number,
treated and
untreated
lung, breast, liver, colon, kidney
5. Evolution of cell cultures of human glioblastoma (U251) and
healthy brain
cells (astrocytes Mpf)
Chart 3 : % of increase or decrease of cells number (U251 and
Mpf)
after 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 120 hours, 144 hours
+ 8 microscope photos of cells
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